9. 2048游戏的制作与实现¶
9.1. 设计思路¶
- 画背景棋盘
2048的棋盘是一个4*4的网格,网格内放置数字，下面应该有一个记分统计。
数字矩阵 - 右移
数字矩阵 - 左移
数字矩阵 - 上移
数字矩阵 - 下移
随机产生数字2和4，在移动的同时在值为0的位置上随机的产生数字2和数字4，例如：下移的同时随机产生2和4。
- 胜利条件
- 当出现2048这个数字时游戏胜利并结束
- 没有胜利终止条件，只看成绩分值
- 失败条件
- 棋盘填满数字，无法再进行变换，也就是变换之后的矩阵和变换前的相同，则游戏结束
9.2. 代码分析¶
- 背景网格类
主要使用方法：
渲染背景颜色:
display.fill(color) #参数为背景颜色
画矩形边框:
display.fill_cell(x,y,w,h,color)) #x:左上角顶点横坐标,y:左上角顶点纵坐标,w:宽度,h:高度,color:颜色
输出文本:
display.text(text,x,y,colorf, colorb) #text:文本,x:左上角顶点横坐标,y:左上角顶点纵坐标,colorf:前景颜色,colorb:背景颜色
实现代码：
class Grid(object):
def __init__(self, master=None, x=10, y=10, w=222, h=222):
self.x = x
self.y = y
self.w = w
self.h = h
self.width = w // 35 - 1
self.height = h // 55 - 1
self.bg = 0x000000
print(self.width, self.height)
# 画背景
for i in range(320):
screen.drawline(0, i, 239, i, 1, self.bg);
self.initial()
def initial(self):
for i in range(0, 4):
for j in range(0, 4):
x = i * 55 + self.x + 1
y = j * 55 + self.y + 1
# 画边界
screen.drawline(x, y, x + 55 - 1, y, 1, 0xFFFFFF);
screen.drawline(x + 55 - 1, y, x + 55 - 1, y + 55, 1, 0xFFFFFF);
screen.drawline(x, y + 55, x + 55 - 1, y + 55, 1, 0xFFFFFF);
screen.drawline(x, y, x, y + 55, 1, 0xFFFFFF);
def draw(self, pos, color, num):
x = pos[0] * 55 + self.x
y = pos[1] * 55 + self.y
text.draw(" ", x + 3, y + 19, color, 0x000000)
if num < 16:
text.draw(str(num), x + 19, y + 19, color, 0x000000)
elif num < 128:
text.draw(str(num), x + 11, y + 19, color, 0x000000)
elif num < 1024:
text.draw(str(num), x + 3, y + 19, color, 0x000000)
elif num == 1024:
text.draw("1K", x + 11, y + 19, color, 0x000000)
else:
text.draw("2K", x + 11, y + 19, color, 0x000000)
def printscore(self, msg, score):
print(msg + str(score))
text.draw(msg + str(score), 20, 250, 0xFF0000, 0x000000)
- 数字矩阵类
声明了两列表，matrix表示当前的矩阵，matrix_o 表示变换前的矩阵 vacancy列表用来存值为0的点 color元祖用来存各种数字对应的颜色
class Matrix(object):
def __init__(self, grid):
self.grid = grid
self.matrix = [[0 for i in range(4)] for i in range(4)]
self.matrix_o = [[0 for i in range(4)] for i in range(4)]
self.vacancy = []
self.gamewin = False
# 使用一个字典将数字与其对应的颜色存放起来
self.color = {
0: 0xFFFFFF,
2: 0x000099,
4: 0x009900,
8: 0x990000,
16: 0x999900,
32: 0x990099,
64: 0x00FFFF,
128: 0x0000FF,
256: 0x00FF00,
512: 0xFF0000,
1024: 0xFFFF00,
2048: 0xFF00FF
}
def initial(self):
self.matrix = [[0 for i in range(4)] for i in range(4)]
self.void()
self.generate()
self.generate()
self.draw()
self.gamewin = False
for i in range(0, 4):
for j in range(0, 4):
self.matrix_o[i][j] = self.matrix[i][j]
双重循环遍历矩阵，当发现值为0的点时将坐标加到vacancy列表中
def void(self):
self.vacancy = []
for x in range(0, 4):
for y in range(0, 4):
if self.matrix[x][y] == 0:
self.vacancy.append((x, y))
return len(self.vacancy)
在vacancy列表中取随机的点，并根据随机数的值来判断生成的是2还是4
# 在空位中，随机生成2或4
def generate(self):
pos = choice(self.vacancy)
if randint(0, 5) == 4:
self.matrix[pos[0]][pos[1]] = 4
else:
self.matrix[pos[0]][pos[1]] = 2
del self.vacancy[self.vacancy.index((pos[0], pos[1]))]
def draw(self):
for i in range(0, 4):
for j in range(0, 4):
pos = (i, j)
num = self.matrix[i][j]
color = self.color[int(self.matrix[i][j])]
self.grid.draw(pos, color, num)
矩阵上移
def up(self):
ss = 0
for i in range(0, 4):
for j in range(0, 3):
s = 0
if not self.matrix[i][j] == 0:
for k in range(j + 1, 4):
if not self.matrix[i][k] == 0:
if self.matrix[i][j] == self.matrix[i][k]:
ss = ss + self.matrix[i][k]
self.matrix[i][j] = self.matrix[i][j] * 2
if self.matrix[i][j] == 2048:
self.gamewin = True
self.matrix[i][k] = 0
s = 1
break
else:
break
if s == 1:
break
for i in range(0, 4):
s = 0
for j in range(0, 3):
if self.matrix[i][j - s] == 0:
self.matrix[i].pop(j - s)
self.matrix[i].append(0)
s = s + 1
return ss
矩阵右移
def down(self):
for i in range(0, 4):
self.matrix[i].reverse()
ss = self.up()
for i in range(0, 4):
self.matrix[i].reverse()
return ss
矩阵上移
def left(self):
ss = 0
for i in range(0, 4):
for j in range(0, 3):
s = 0
if not self.matrix[j][i] == 0:
for k in range(j + 1, 4):
if not self.matrix[k][i] == 0:
if self.matrix[j][i] == self.matrix[k][i]:
ss = ss + self.matrix[k][i]
self.matrix[j][i] = self.matrix[j][i] * 2
if self.matrix[j][i] == 2048:
self.gamewin = True
self.matrix[k][i] = 0
s = 1
break
else:
break
if s == 1:
break
for i in range(0, 4):
s = 0
for j in range(0, 3):
if self.matrix[j - s][i] == 0:
for k in range(j - s, 3):
self.matrix[k][i] = self.matrix[k + 1][i]
self.matrix[3][i] = 0
s = s + 1
return ss
矩阵下移
def right(self):
ss = 0
for i in range(0, 4):
for j in range(0, 3):
s = 0
if not self.matrix[3 - j][i] == 0:
k = 3 - j - 1
while k >= 0:
if not self.matrix[k][i] == 0:
if self.matrix[3 - j][i] == self.matrix[k][i]:
ss = ss + self.matrix[k][i]
self.matrix[3 - j][i] = self.matrix[3 - j][i] * 2
if self.matrix[3 - j][i] == 2048:
self.gamewin = True
self.matrix[k][i] = 0
s = s + 1
break
else:
break
k = k - 1
if s == 1:
break
for i in range(0, 4):
s = 0
for j in range(0, 3):
if self.matrix[3 - j + s][i] == 0:
k = 3 - j + s
while k > 0:
self.matrix[k][i] = self.matrix[k - 1][i]
k = k - 1
self.matrix[0][i] = 0
s = s + 1
return ss
- 游戏类
class Game():
def __init__(self):
self.grid = Grid()
self.matrix = Matrix(self.grid)
self.score = 0
self.status = ['run', 'stop']
# 界面左侧显示分数
self.grid.printscore("成绩为：", self.score)
self.initial()
# 这个方法用于游戏重新开始时初始化游戏
def initial(self):
self.score = 0
self.grid.printscore("成绩为：", self.score)
self.matrix.initial()
def key_release(self, key):
keymatch = ["Down", "Left", "Up", "Right"]
if keymatch[key] == "Up":
ss = self.matrix.up()
self.run(ss)
elif keymatch[key] == "Down":
ss = self.matrix.down()
self.run(ss)
elif keymatch[key] == "Left":
ss = self.matrix.left()
self.run(ss)
elif keymatch[key] == "Right":
ss = self.matrix.right()
self.run(ss)
def run(self, ss):
if not self.matrix.matrix == self.matrix.matrix_o:
self.score = self.score + int(ss)
self.grid.printscore("成绩为：", self.score)
if self.matrix.gamewin == True:
self.matrix.draw()
self.grid.printscore("恭喜获胜，成绩为：", self.score)
if message == 'ok':
self.initial()
else:
self.matrix.void()
self.matrix.generate()
for i in range(0, 4):
for j in range(0, 4):
self.matrix.matrix_o[i][j] = self.matrix.matrix[i][j]
self.matrix.draw()
else:
v = self.matrix.void()
if v < 1:
self.grid.printscore("你输了，成绩为：", self.score)
- 主循环
if __name__ == '__main__':
game = Game()
while True:
gc.collect()
i = 0
j = -1
for k in keys:
if k.value() == 0:
if i != j:
print("i=", i)
print("j=", j)
j = i
game.key_release(i)
i = i + 1
if i > 3:
i = 0
time.sleep_ms(125)
- 运行效果
